The text of the treaty, taken from a certified true copy provided by one of the depositary governments, is reproduced below for the convenience of all members. In the middle east and africa, pipelines and export facilities have been targets in local and regional political disputes. Introduction nuclear proliferation is arguably one of the greatest threats to international security in the postcold war world. Signatories to the treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear. Key components of such facilities can be purchased through. The term is also used to refer to the possible acquisition of nuclear weapons by terrorist organizations or other armed groups. Treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons wikipedia. Most recent reports have focused on the nuclear efforts of iran and north. This question is important because how states try to acquire nuclear weapons their strategies of nuclear proliferation affects their likelihood of success and thus the character of the nuclear landscape. Nuclear proliferation risks in nuclear energy programs. The current strategy focused on regime change as the cure for proliferation has failed to solve the core problems and has.
Detailed information needed to design facilities for producing nuclear weapon materials is public. Pdf civilian nuclear cooperation and the proliferation. Proliferation has been opposed by many nations with and without nuclear weapons. Why nuclear energy programs rarely lead to proliferation. Policy issues congressional research service 1 purpose and scope congress has long been concerned about whether u. Nuclear weapons proliferation is a topic of intense interest and concern among both. Nonproliferation challenges facing the trump administration. Diverse opinions exist about the determinants of proliferation and the policy options to alter proliferation incentives. The spread of nuclear weapons increases the risks of catastrophe rather than providing security or stability. In doing so, this article provides a fresh lens with which to analyze nuclear proliferation, highlighting that the way in which a state pursues nu. Nuclear proliferation and its negative effects essay. The prospects for ending the proliferation of nuclear weapons 01101992 d. Determinants of nuclear weapons proliferation dongjoon jo, erik. The united kingdom possesses, or has possessed, a variety of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons.
The majority of countries in the world denounce the proliferation of these weapons, but a minority of countries have a desire to proliferate. Over the past six decades, concerns about nuclear proliferation have shifted from the cold war paradigm to that of the new millennium nuclear. The non proliferation treaty npt entered into force in 1970 it was built on three pillars. These results are available to download with the data set. The proliferation of nuclear weapons is not inevitable.
Nuclear proliferation an overview sciencedirect topics. Strategies of nuclear proliferation strategies of nuclear. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, states with nuclear energy programs historically have not been significantly more likely to seek or acquire nuclear weapons. Nuclear proliferation, which can occur either through the commercial production of electricity with nuclear energy or directly via nuclear weapons, is another major security concern mit, 2003. Determinants of nuclear weapons proliferation dongjoon. The impact of regime type and alliance strength on nuclear. South asia under the shadow of nuclear weapons pdf 1. Determinants of nuclear weapons proliferation jstor. Nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation oapen library. None of the three have ever signed the npt and have no intention to do so. Countries that joined the npt agreed to take these actions. The uk has been estimated to have a stockpile of 120 active nuclear. If the danger attached to nuclear weapons is a reflection of who proliferates rather than proliferation itself, the topic of interest is not why the nuclear states developed the bomb, but the criteria that allow them to hold these weapons while others cannot biswas 2001. Nuclear weapons were essential to maintaining international security during the cold war because they were a means of deterrence.
Lecture slides reducing the danger of nuclear weapons. The treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons, also nuclear non proliferation treaty npt or nnpt is a treaty to limit the spread of nuclear weapons, opened for signature on july 1, 1968. Instead, people fear nuclear armageddon, and the power of the atom is becoming synonymous with death and destruction. Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as nuclear weapon states by the treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons, commonly known as the non proliferation treaty or npt. A debate renewed, professors waltz and sagan resume their wellknown dialogue concerning nuclear proliferation and the threat of nuclear war. This finding is robust to different codings of proliferation. Nuclear weapons proliferation is a topic of intense interest and concern among both academics and policy makers. Intuitively, security is the most important factor driving nuclear acquisition.
Accelerating global nuclear disarmament clingendael institute. Non proliferation, meaning to stop the spreading of nuclear weapons disarment, calling for the end of nuclear weapons the right to peaceful nuclear technology. Taylor, a former nuclear weapons designer, received the us atomic energy commissions 1965 lawrence memorial award and was deputy director of the defense nuclear agency. Pdf nuclear weapons proliferation is at the top of the news these days. The nuclear nonproliferation treaty at 50 shareamerica. Nuclear proliferation affecting the world in a negative way for the past thirty years, iran and north korea have been trying to develop and design a nuclear warhead, nowadays. American spies say that iran has built a uranium enrichment plant on qum.
Nuclear weapons proliferation is a topic of intense interest and concern among both aca demics and. China and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and. From a technical perspective, as nobel laureatehanesalfvennoted. Nuclear proliferation is the intersection of a number of important issues, none of which individually will decide how events will unfold. Civilian nuclear cooperation and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Some argue that recent efforts to proliferate by iraq, iran and north korea demonstrate the failure of diplomacy under the international nuclear nonproliferation regime. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Click download or read online button to get global non proliferation and counter terrorism book now. The fuel and byproduct of lightwater nuclear power reactorsenriched uranium and plutonium can also be used to produce nuclear weapons. Most importantly, from the point of view of proliferation risks, is the fact that if deploying us nuclear weapons in nato countries is deemed compatible with the npt, then it should also be deemed compatible with the npt if some other nuclear weapon countries including pakistan, india, etc. Article information, pdf download for determinants of nuclear weapons. Kenneth waltz, dean of realist theory in international relations at.
Nuclear proliferation, the spread of nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons technology, or fissile material to countries that do not already possess them. Download this chapter pdf or read more about world opinion on proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Disarmament and non proliferation regimes published wednesday, june 29, 2016 april 15, 2020 claire mills in an attempt to reduce the dangers posed by existing nuclear arsenals and prevent the further proliferation of nuclear weapons technology, a complex international nuclear arms control architecture has evolved. Four strategies of proliferation are available to states. The united kingdom is one of the five official nuclear weapon states under the treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons and has an independent nuclear deterrent. This section contains the lecture slides for the video series. United kingdom and weapons of mass destruction wikipedia. Nuclear nonproliferation treaty wikisource, the free. Believing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance the. A combination of qualitative and quantitative evidence supports the plausibility of the countervailing political effects of nuclear energy programs. Global non proliferation and counter terrorism download. I conclude with implications for nuclear proliferation and nonproliferation policies.
Pdf the causes of nuclear weapons proliferation researchgate. The prospects for ending the proliferation of nuclear weapons. China and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and missiles. Although the nonproliferation treaty, which opened for signature 48 years ago, obliged existing nuclear weapon states to negotiate towards nuclear disarmament. According to a widespread conventional wisdom, there is a link between us nuclear weapons and nuclear proliferation and, therefore, in order to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to other states, the us government must first make changes to its own nuclear. A catalog of treaties and agreements congressional research service 1 introduction national security, arms control, and nonproliferation for much of the past century, u. Background the npt aims to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to foster the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the. The growing number of nuclear power industries throughout the world has led to the widespread availability of the necessary nuclear technology and fissile material usd to construct nuclear weapons. Believing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance the danger of nuclear war, in conformity with resolutions of the united nations general assembly calling for the. Nuclear proliferation risks in nuclear energy programs view download as pdf a major concern about the spread of peaceful nuclear energy programs is the possibility that facilities constructed for use in a nuclear energy program could eventually be used to produce nuclear weapons. A biopolitical and necropolitical analysis of nuclear. Treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons npt created date. Today, nine states have nuclear weapons and many more can easily acquire those, although only five states are officially recognized as possessing nuclear weapons by the 1968 nuclear non proliferation treaty npt. Treaty on the nonproliferation of nuclear weapons npt.
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